TULISAN 7 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS

The Most Popular words in English

The list below of most common words in English cannot be definitive. It is based on an analysis of the Oxford English Corpus of over a billion words, and represents one study done by Oxford Online, associated with the Oxford English Dictionary.^[1] This source includes writings of all sorts from "literary novels and specialist journals to everyday newspapers and magazines and from Hansard to the language of chatrooms, emails, and weblogs",^[2] unlike some sources which use texts from only specific sources.^[3]

The Reading Teachers Book of Lists claims that the first 25 words make up about one-third of all printed material in English, and that the first 100 make up about one-half of all written material.^[4]

Note that "word" may mean either a word form (essentially, a distinct spelling), or a lexeme (essentially, a "base" word or dictionary-entry). For instance the lexeme "be" listed below, includes occurrences of "are", "is", "were", "was", etc.^[5] Note also that these top 100 lemmas listed below account for 50% of all the words in the Oxford English Corpus.^[1]

Rank Word 1 the 2 be 3 to 4 of 5 and 6 a 7 in 8 that 9 have 10 I 11 it 12 for 13 not 14 on 15 with 16 he 17 as 18 you 19 do 20 at

Rank Word 21 this 22 but 23 his 24 by 25 from 26 they 27 we 28 say 29 her 30 she 31 or 32 an 33 will 34 my 35 one 36 all 37 would 38 there 39 their 40 what

Rank Word 41 so 42 up 43 out 44 if 45 about 46 who 47 get 48 which 49 go 50 me 51 when 52 make 53 can 54 like 55 time 56 no 57 just 58 him 59 know 60 take

Rank Word 61 people 62 into 63 year 64 your 65 good 66 some 67 could 68 them 69 see 70 other 71 than 72 then 73 now 74 look 75 only 76 come 77 its 78 over 79 think 80 also

Rank Word 81 back 82 after 83 use 84 two 85 how 86 our 87 work 88 first 89 well 90 way 91 even 92 new 93 want 94 because 95 any 96 these 97 give 98 day 99 most 100 us

Source: ^[1]

Parts of speech

Nouns

1.    time

2.    person

3.    year

4.    way

5.    day

6.    thing

7.    man

8.    world

9.    life

10. hand

11. part

12. child

13. eye

14. woman

15. place

16. work

17. week

18. case

19. point

20. government

21. company

22. number

23. group

24. problem

25. fact

Verbs

1.    be

2.    have

3.    do

4.    say

5.    get

6.    make

7.    go

8.    know

9.    take

10. see

11. come

12. think

13. look

14. want

15. give

16. use

17. find

18. tell

19. ask

20. work

21. seem

22. feel

23. try

24. leave

25. call

Adjectives

1.    good

2.    new

3.    first

4.    last

5.    long

6.    great

7.    little

8.    own

9.    other

10. old

11. right

12. big

13. high

14. different

15. small

16. large

17. next

18. early

19. young

20. important

21. few

22. public

23. bad

24. same

25. able

Prepositions

1.    to

2.    of

3.    in

4.    for

5.    on

6.    with

7.    at

8.    by

9.    from

10. up

11. about

12. into

13. over

14. after

15. beneath

16. under

17. above

 Others

1.    the

2.    and

3.    a

4.    that

5.    I

6.    it

7.    not

8.    he

9.    as

10. you

11. this

12. but

13. his

14. they

15. her

16. she

17. or

18. an

19. will

20. my

21. one

22. all

23. would

24. there

25. thei

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_common_words_in_English

TULISAN 6 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS

A short history of the origins and development of English

The history of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD. These tribes, the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany. At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language. But most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders - mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The Angles came from "Englaland" [sic] and their language was called "Englisc" - from which the words "England" and "English" are derived.

Germanic invaders entered Britain on the east and south coasts in the 5th century.

Old English (450-1100 AD)

Part of Beowulf, a poem written in Old English.

The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be,strong and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100.

Middle English (1100-1500)

An example of Middle English by Chaucer.

In 1066 William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and conquered England. The new conquerors (called the Normans) brought with them a kind of French, which became the language of the Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. For a period there was a kind of linguistic class division, where the lower classes spoke English and the upper classes spoke French. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but with many French words added. This language is called Middle English. It was the language of the great poet Chaucer (c1340-1400), but it would still be difficult for native English speakers to understand today.

Modern English

Early Modern English (1500-1800)

Towards the end of Middle English, a sudden and distinct change in pronunciation (the Great Vowel Shift) started, with vowels being pronounced shorter and shorter. From the 16th century the British had contact with many peoples from around the world.

Hamlet's famous "To be, or not to be" lines, written in Early Modern English by Shakespeare.

This, and the Renaissance of Classical learning, meant that many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing also meant that there was now a common language in print. Books became cheaper and more people learned to read. Printing also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard. In 1604 the first English dictionary was published.

Late Modern English (1800-Present)

The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.

Varieties of English

From around 1600, the English colonization of North America resulted in the creation of a distinct American variety of English. Some English pronunciations and words "froze" when they reached America. In some ways, American English is more like the English of Shakespeare than modern British English is. Some expressions that the British call "Americanisms" are in fact original British expressions that were preserved in the colonies while lost for a time in Britain (for example trash for rubbish, loan as a verb instead of lend, and fall for autumn; another example, frame-up, was re-imported into Britain through Hollywood gangster movies). Spanish also had an influence on American English (and subsequently British English), with words like canyon, ranch, stampede and vigilante being examples of Spanish words that entered English through the settlement of the American West. French words (through Louisiana) and West African words (through the slave trade) also influenced American English (and so, to an extent, British English).

Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the USA's dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade and technology (including the Internet). But there are many other varieties of English around the world, including for example Australian English, New Zealand English, Canadian English, South African English, Indian English and Caribbean English.

The Germanic Family of Languages

English is a member of the Germanic family of languages.
Germanic is a branch of the Indo-European language family.

A brief chronology of English
55 BC	Roman invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar.	Local inhabitants speak Celtish
AD 43	Roman invasion and occupation. Beginning of Roman rule of Britain.
436	Roman withdrawal from Britain complete.
449	Settlement of Britain by Germanic invaders begins
450-480	Earliest known Old English inscriptions.	Old English
1066	William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades and conquers England.
c1150	Earliest surviving manuscripts in Middle English.	Middle English
1348	English replaces Latin as the language of instruction in most schools.
1362	English replaces French as the language of law. English is used in Parliament for the first time.
c1388	Chaucer starts writing The Canterbury Tales.
c1400	The Great Vowel Shift begins.
1476	William Caxton establishes the first English printing press.	Early Modern English
1564	Shakespeare is born.
1604	Table Alphabeticall, the first English dictionary, is published.
1607	The first permanent English settlement in the New World (Jamestown) is established.
1616	Shakespeare dies.
1623	Shakespeare's First Folio is published
1702	The first daily English-language newspaper, The Daily Courant, is published in London.
1755	Samuel Johnson publishes his English dictionary.
1776	Thomas Jefferson writes the American Declaration of Independence.
1782	Britain abandons its colonies in what is later to become the USA.
1828	Webster publishes his American English dictionary.	Late Modern English
1922	The British Broadcasting Corporation is founded.
1928	The Oxford English Dictionary is published.

source: http://www.englishclub.com/english-language-history.htm

TUGAS 3 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS

1. The defendant refused to answer the prosecutor's questions. .........

A. Because he was afraid it would incriminate him.

B. For fear that they will incrimate him

C. Because he was afraid that his answer would incriminate him.

D. Fearing that he will incriminated by it.

The right answer: A

2. Mrs. Walker has returned ..........

A. A wallet back to its original owner

B. To its original owner the wallet

C. The wallet to its originally owner

D. The wallet to its original owner

The right answer: D

3. The hospital owes ............  For the constrution of the new wing.

A. The goverment twenty million dollars

B. For the goverment twenty million dollars

C. To the goverment twenty million dollars

D. Twenty million of dollars to the goverment

The right answer: C

4. Sarah ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, that she could not attend the classes next week.

A. Told to her professors

B. Said her professors

C. Told her professors

D. Is telling her professors

The right answer: A

5. The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because ,,,,,,,,,,,,,

A. He painted very good

B. They believed he painted well

C. Of their belief that he was an good artist

D. The judges had been told of his talents

The right answer: A

6. If motorist do not observe the traffic regulations, they will be

                                   A       B                                C       

stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine

                                           D

The answer: D

7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show

                                                               A

 up last night because he had accident on his way to the

 B                                   C                           D

practice

The answer: B

8. A short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle

             A

dreams of her daugther who lives overseas

      B                                    C          D

The answer: B

9. The atmosphere in Andalusia is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all who have the

                                    A                                                         B                          C            D

good fortune to visit there

The answer: B

10. Some of the people were standing in the street watched the parade, while others were singing

                    A                              B                                 C                                     D

songs

The answer: C

TULISAN 5 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS

How to Read in British Accent

1. Start with the Rs. Understand that in most British accents speakers don't roll their Rs (except for those from Scotland, Northumbria, Northern Ireland, and parts of Lancashire), but not all British accents are the same. For example, a Scottish accent varies greatly from an English accent.
2. Pronounce U in stupid and in duty with the ew sound. Avoid the oo as in an American accent; thus it is pronounced stewpid, not stoopid, etc. In the standard English accent, theA (for example, in father) is pronounced at the back of the mouth with an open throat—it sounds like "Arh". This is the case in pretty much all British accents, but it's exaggerated in RP. In southern England and in RP, words such as "bath", "path", "glass", "grass" also use this vowel. However, in other parts of Britain "bath", "path", etc. sound like "ah".
3. Enunciate on heavy consonant words. Pronounce that T in "duty" as T: not as the American D as doody so that duty is pronounced dewty or a softer jooty. Pronounce the suffix -ing with a strong G. This way it sounds like -ing rather than -een. But sometimes it is shortened to in as in lookin.
4. Drop the Ts. With some accents, Ts aren't pronounced at all, especially in words with twoTs grouped together. So battle might be pronounced Ba-ill, catching the air behind the back of the tongue at the end of the first syllable before expelling it on pronunciation of the second syllable. This is known as the glottal stop.- People with Estuary English, RP, Scottish, Irish and Welsh accents do consider it lazy and rude to drop the Ts, and this feature doesn't exist, but in almost all accents it's accepted to do it in the middle of words in casual contexts and almost universal to put a glottal stop at the end of a word
   - Addition from an American theatre specialist: Americans do glottal stops all the time,"bu-on" for button, "mou--ian" for mountain). However, it is considered by Brits that people with chav or Cockney accents do glottal stops.
5. Observe that H is always pronounced. The "H" is pronounced in the word "herb," in contrast to American erb
6. Say "bean," not "bin." Realize that some words require the ee sound to be pronounced as in the word been. In an American accent, this is often pronounced bin. In an English accent, been is the more common pronunciation, but "bin" is sometimes heard in casual speech where the word isn't particularly stressed.
7. Listen to the "music" of the language. All accents and dialects have their own musicality. Pay attention to the tones and emphasis of British speakers. Do sentences generally end on a higher note, the same, or lower? How much variation is there in tone throughout a typical sentence? There is a huge variation between regions with tonality. British speech, especially RP, usually varies much less within a sentence than American English, and the general tendency is to go down slightly towards the end of a phrase. However, Liverpool and north-east England are notable exceptions!
8. Get a British person to say well known sentences: "How now brown cow" and "The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain" and pay close attention. Rounded mouth vowels in words such as "about" in London, are usually flattened in Northern Ireland.
9. Notice that two or more vowels together may prompt an extra syllable. For example, the word "road" would usually be pronounced rohd, but in Wales and with some people in Northern Ireland it might be pronounced ro.ord

*that's all the tips i've got, hopefully could help you to master the british accent,, if you have another tips, you can write it below..

source: http://www.wikihow.com/Speak-in-a-British-Accent